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PEDIATRIC OT GLOSSARY

Therapy terms,
explained clearly.

Plain-language definitions written for parents, teachers, and early childhood professionals by Ruslana Nurmatova, MS, OTR/L.

38 essential terms

Each term opens to a complete guide with examples, signs to notice, practical support ideas, related articles, and professional references.

A

Daily living

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Everyday self-care tasks such as dressing, eating, toileting, bathing, and grooming.

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Tools & supports

Adaptive Equipment

Tools designed or modified to make an everyday activity safer, easier, or more independent.

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Tools & supports

Assistive Technology

Any item, device, or system that improves a person's ability to perform a functional activity.

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B

Motor skills

Bilateral Coordination

Using both sides of the body together in a coordinated way.

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Sensory processing

Body Awareness

Knowing where body parts are and how the body is positioned or moving.

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C

Regulation

Co-Regulation

Support from a calm, responsive adult that helps a child manage emotions, attention, and body state.

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Motor skills

Crossing Midline

Moving a hand, foot, or eye across the imaginary center line of the body.

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D

Development

Developmental Screening

A brief standardized check that identifies whether closer evaluation may be helpful.

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Development

Developmental Milestones

Skills most children can do by a certain age in movement, language, learning, and social-emotional development.

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E

Development

Early Intervention

Services and supports for infants and toddlers with developmental delays or disabilities and their families.

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Regulation

Emotional Regulation

Noticing, managing, and recovering from emotional experiences with developmentally appropriate support.

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Tools & supports

Environmental Modification

Changing the physical, sensory, social, or task environment to improve participation.

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Learning & participation

Executive Functioning

Mental skills used to start, plan, remember, organize, shift, monitor, and complete tasks.

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F

Practice approach

Family-Centered Care

An approach that respects family priorities, culture, knowledge, routines, and decision-making.

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Motor skills

Fine Motor Skills

Small, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers used to manipulate objects and tools.

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H

Motor skills

Hand Dominance

Consistent preference for one hand during skilled tasks.

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Motor skills

Hand Strength

The ability of hand and finger muscles to generate and sustain force for functional tasks.

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I

Sensory processing

Interoception

The sense that helps us notice internal body signals such as hunger, thirst, heartbeat, temperature, pain, or needing the bathroom.

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M

Motor skills

Motor Planning (Praxis)

Thinking of, organizing, and carrying out a new or unfamiliar movement.

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N

Practice approach

Natural Environment

The places and routines where a child and family usually live, learn, and play.

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O

Practice approach

Occupation-Based Practice

Therapy organized around meaningful daily activities rather than isolated exercises alone.

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Practice approach

Occupational Therapy (OT)

A health profession that helps people participate in meaningful everyday activities.

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Practice approach

Occupational Therapy Evaluation

A comprehensive process used to understand strengths, challenges, environments, and participation goals.

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P

Handwriting readiness

Pencil Grasp

How the fingers and hand hold a writing or drawing tool.

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Motor skills

Pincer Grasp

Using the thumb and index finger to pick up and manipulate small objects.

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Play & learning

Play Skills

The abilities children use to explore, imagine, solve problems, move, use objects, and connect with others.

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Motor skills

Postural Control

Maintaining and adjusting body position for stability and movement.

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Handwriting readiness

Pre-Writing Skills

Foundational abilities used before children form letters and numbers.

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Sensory processing

Proprioception

The sense that provides information from muscles and joints about body position, movement, and force.

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Motor skills

Praxis

The ability to conceive, plan, and execute a purposeful action.

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S

Handwriting readiness

Scissor Skills

The coordinated ability to open, close, guide, and turn scissors and paper safely.

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Regulation

Self-Regulation

The developing ability to manage attention, emotions, behavior, and body state for participation.

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Sensory processing

Sensory Modulation

The nervous system's ability to regulate responses to sensory information.

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Sensory processing

Sensory Processing

How the nervous system receives, organizes, and responds to information from the body and environment.

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T

Practice approach

Task Analysis

Breaking an activity into smaller steps to understand exactly where support is needed.

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V

Visual skills

Visual-Motor Integration

Coordinating visual information with hand or body movement.

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Visual skills

Visual Perception

The brain's ability to interpret and make meaning from visual information.

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Tools & supports

Visual Schedule

A sequence of pictures, words, or objects that shows what will happen and in what order.

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